1. Insert a USB flash drive into an Oracle Linux system.
2. Use the xorriso-dd-target command to list available block devices and to identify likely candidate devices for use.

   xorriso-dd-target -with_sudo -list_all

   The command presents a password prompt as it uses sudo to access all devices on the system. Output similar to the following is displayed:

   sda : YES : usb+ has_vfat+ : SanDisk Cruzer Switch 
   nvme0n1 : NO  : not_usb- has_vfat+ has_xfs- has_crypto_LUKS- has_swap- :  PM9A1 NVMe Samsung 512GB 

   The command identifies pluggable block devices that aren't used as system disk or sincere data storage. In the example output, the command identified a USB device at /dev/sda, that could be used to write an ISO image.

3. Ensure that any file systems on the device are unmounted.

   For example, to unmount the first partition on /dev/sda:

   sudo umount /dev/sda1

4. Write the contents of the ISO image file to the USB device.

   Do one of the following to write the ISO image file to the USB device:

   • Use the dd command directly:

     sudo dd if=./full_image.iso of=/dev/sda bs=512k

   • Use the xorriso-dd-target command to guide you through this process:

     xorriso-dd-target -with_sudo -plug_test -DO_WRITE -image_file ./full_image.iso

     The command guides you through testing for appropriate devices and finally prompts you to select and approve writing to the device. Example output follows:

     sudo /bin/lsblk seems ok.
     
     Caused by option -plug_test: Attempt to find the desired device
     by watching it appear after being plugged in.
     
     Step 1:
     Please make sure that the desired target device is plugged _out_ now.
     If it is currently plugged in, make sure to unmount all its fileystems
     and then unplug it.
     Press the Enter key when ready.
     
     Found and noted as _not_ desired:  nvme0n1  
     
     Step 2:
     Please plug in the desired target device and then press the Enter key.
     
     Waiting up to 10 seconds for a new device to be listed .... found: sda
     Now waiting 5 seconds to let it settle .........
     Found and noted as desired device:  sda
     
     sda : YES : usb+ has_vfat+ : SanDisk Cruzer Switch 
     
     Step 3:
     Last chance to abort. Enter the word 'yes' to start REAL WRITING.
     yes
     Looking for mount points of sda:
     Performing:
       sudo /bin/dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/'sda' bs=512 seek='30595071' count=1 status=none
       sudo /bin/dd if='OracleLinux.iso' of=/dev/'sda' bs=1M status=progress oflag=dsync ; sync

Because of storage limits, optical media such as CDs or DVDs might not have capacity to accommodate most installation ISO images. However they can be used to store the boot ISO image.

1. Insert an empty recordable CD or DVD into the CD or DVD writer device.
2. Open a terminal and use cdrecord to write the ISO file to the device.

   To write the downloaded ISO image file to a CD or DVD, use a command such as cdrecord, for example:

   sudo cdrecord -v -eject speed=16 dev=/dev/sr0 file_name.iso

   To display the device that corresponds to the CD or DVD writer, use the cdrecord --devices command.

You can copy installation media to a network drive to use as part of a network installation process. For the network drive, the image that you download can either be the full ISO image or the boot image, while the network server can be of any type, such as NFS or a web server.

1. Mount the ISO image to a location on a system that has access to the network drive location.

   For example you can loopback mount an ISO to the /mnt path as follows:

   sudo mount -o loop full_image.iso /mnt

2. Copy the contents of the ISO image to the network drive location.

   sudo cp -a -T path-to-mounted-ISO-image network_dir

   For example, if you're using a web server to host the network drive, and have ISO image mounted at /mnt, you might run the following command:

   sudo cp -a -T /mnt /var/www/html/OSimage/OL8

3. Unmount the ISO image after you have finished copying the contents.
   For example, run:

   sudo unmount /mnt