Recommended Oracle Solaris ZFS Practices

Managing ZFS File Systems in Oracle^® Solaris 11.3

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Chapter 1 Introducing the Oracle Solaris ZFS File System

What's New in ZFS for Oracle Solaris 11.3?

Oracle Solaris ZFS Features

Components of a ZFS Storage Pool

Using Disks in a ZFS Storage Pool

Using Files in a ZFS Storage Pool

Redundancy Features of a ZFS Storage Pool

Mirrored Storage Pool Configuration

RAID-Z Storage Pool Configuration

ZFS Hybrid Storage Pool

Dynamic Striping in a Storage Pool

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Oracle Solaris ZFS

Hardware and Software Requirements

Planning the ZFS Implementation

Naming ZFS Components

Identifying Storage Requirements

Choosing the Type of Data Redundancy

Determining the ZFS File System Hierarchy

Selecting the File System Granularity

Grouping File Systems

Choosing File System Properties

Chapter 3 Creating and Destroying Oracle Solaris ZFS Storage Pools

Creating ZFS Storage Pools

How to Set Up ZFS on a System

Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool

Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool

Creating a ZFS Storage Pool With Log Devices

Creating a ZFS Storage Pool With Cache Devices

Doing a Dry Run of Storage Pool Creation

Handling ZFS Storage Pool Creation Issues

Devices Actively Being Used

Mismatched Redundancy Levels

Default Mount Point for Storage Pools Not Empty

Destroying ZFS Storage Pools

Chapter 4 Managing Devices in Oracle Solaris ZFS Storage Pools

Adding Devices to a Storage Pool

Removing Devices From a Storage Pool

Attaching and Detaching Devices in a Storage Pool

Splitting a Mirrored Storage Pool to Create a New Pool

Taking Devices in a Storage Pool Offline or Returning Online

Clearing Storage Pool Device Errors

Replacing Devices in a Storage Pool

How to Replace a Device in a Storage Pool

Working With Hot Spares in Storage Pools

Designating Hot Spares in a Storage Pool

Activating and Deactivating Hot Spares in Your Storage Pool

Chapter 5 Managing Oracle Solaris ZFS Storage Pools

Managing ZFS Storage Pool Properties

Querying ZFS Storage Pool Status

Displaying Information About ZFS Storage Pools

Displaying Information About All Storage Pools or a Specific Pool

Displaying Specific Storage Pool Statistics

Displaying Pool Devices by Physical Locations

Displaying ZFS Storage Pool Command History

Viewing I/O Statistics for ZFS Storage Pools

Listing Pool-Wide I/O Statistics

Listing Virtual Device I/O Statistics

Determining the Health Status of ZFS Storage Pools

Storage Pool Health Status

Gathering ZFS Storage Pool Status Information

Migrating ZFS Storage Pools

Preparing for ZFS Storage Pool Migration

Exporting a ZFS Storage Pool

Determining Available Storage Pools to Import

Importing ZFS Storage Pools

Importing a Pool With a Missing Log Device

Importing a Pool in Read-Only Mode

Importing a Pool By Using a Specific Device Path

Recovering Destroyed ZFS Storage Pools

Upgrading ZFS Storage Pools

Chapter 6 Managing the ZFS Root Pool

Requirements for Configuring the ZFS Root Pool

ZFS Root Pool Space Requirements

ZFS Root Pool Configuration Recommendations

Installing the ZFS Root Pool

Managing a ZFS Root Pool

How to Configure a Mirrored Root Pool (SPARC or x86/EFI (GPT))

How to Configure a Mirrored Root Pool (SPARC or x86/VTOC)

How to Update a ZFS Boot Environment

How to Mount an Alternate BE

Replacing Disks in a ZFS Root Pool

How to Replace a Disk in a ZFS Root Pool

Managing ZFS Swap and Dump Devices

Viewing Swap and Dump Information

How to Create a Swap Volume

How to Create a Dump Volume

Adjusting the Sizes of ZFS Swap and Dump Devices

Troubleshooting ZFS Dump Device Issues

Booting From a ZFS Root File System

Booting From an Alternate Root Pool Disk

Alternate Boot Disks on SPARC Systems

Alternate Boot Disks on x86 Systems

Booting From a ZFS Root File System on a SPARC Based System

SPARC: How to Select the Boot Environment for Booting

Booting From a ZFS Root File System on an x86 Based System

x86: Displaying the Root File System

x86: Fast Rebooting a ZFS Root File System

Booting for Recovery Purposes in a ZFS Root Environment

Chapter 7 Managing Oracle Solaris ZFS File Systems

Introduction to ZFS File Systems

Creating, Destroying, and Renaming ZFS File Systems

How to Create a ZFS File System

How to Destroy a ZFS File System

How to Rename a ZFS File System

Introducing ZFS Properties

ZFS Read-Only Native Properties

Settable ZFS Native Properties

The canmount Property

The casesensitivity Property

The copies Property

The dedup Property

The encryption Property

The recordsize Property

The share.smb Property

The volsize Property

ZFS User Properties

Querying ZFS File System Information

Listing Basic ZFS Information

Creating Complex ZFS Queries

Managing ZFS Properties

Setting ZFS Properties

Inheriting ZFS Properties

Querying ZFS Properties

Basic Querying With the –all Option

Querying ZFS Properties for Scripting

Mounting ZFS File Systems

Managing ZFS Mount Points

Automatic Mount Points

Legacy Mount Points

Mounting ZFS File Systems

Using Temporary Mount Properties

Unmounting ZFS File Systems

Sharing and Unsharing ZFS File Systems

Legacy ZFS Sharing Syntax

New ZFS Sharing Syntax

ZFS Sharing with Per-Property Inheritance

ZFS Sharing Inheritance in Older Pools

ZFS Named Shares

ZFS Automatic Shares

Displaying ZFS Share Information

Changing ZFS Share Property Values

Publishing and Unpublishing ZFS Shares

Removing a ZFS Share

ZFS File Sharing Within a Non-Global Zone

ZFS Sharing Migration/Transition Issues

Troubleshooting ZFS File System Sharing Problems

Setting ZFS Quotas and Reservations

Setting Quotas on ZFS File Systems

Setting User and Group Quotas on a ZFS File System

Setting Default User and Group Quotas

Setting Reservations on ZFS File Systems

Compressing ZFS File Systems

Encrypting ZFS File Systems

Changing an Encrypted ZFS File System's Keys

Managing ZFS Encryption Keys

Delegating ZFS Key Operation Permissions

Mounting an Encrypted ZFS File System

Upgrading Encrypted ZFS File Systems

Interactions Between ZFS Compression, Deduplication, and Encryption Properties

Examples of Encrypting ZFS File Systems

Migrating ZFS File Systems

How to Migrate a File System to a ZFS File System

Upgrading ZFS File Systems

Chapter 8 Working With Oracle Solaris ZFS Snapshots and Clones

Overview of ZFS Snapshots

Creating and Destroying ZFS Snapshots

Holding ZFS Snapshots

Renaming ZFS Snapshots

Displaying and Accessing ZFS Snapshots

Rolling Back a ZFS Snapshot

Identifying ZFS Snapshot Differences (zfs diff)

Type of File and Directory Changes Being Reported

Displaying Recursive ZFS Snapshot Differences

Overview of ZFS Clones

Creating a ZFS Clone

Destroying a ZFS Clone

Replacing a ZFS File System With a ZFS Clone

Saving, Sending, and Receiving ZFS Data

Saving ZFS Data With Other Backup Products

Types of ZFS Snapshot Streams

Sending a ZFS Snapshot

Receiving a ZFS Snapshot

Applying Different Property Values to a ZFS Snapshot Stream

Retaining Original Property Values

Disabling Original Property Values

Sending and Receiving Complex ZFS Snapshot Streams

Remote Replication of ZFS Data

Monitoring ZFS Pool Operations

Copying ZFS Files

Chapter 9 Oracle Solaris ZFS Delegated Administration

Overview of ZFS Delegated Administration

Disabling ZFS Delegated Permissions

Delegating ZFS Permissions

Delegating ZFS Permissions (zfs allow)

Removing ZFS Delegated Permissions (zfs unallow)

Delegating ZFS Permissions Examples

Displaying ZFS Delegated Permissions Examples

Removing ZFS Delegated Permissions Examples

Chapter 10 Oracle Solaris ZFS Advanced Topics

ZFS Volumes

Using a ZFS Volume as a Swap or Dump Device

Using a ZFS Volume as an iSCSI LUN

How to Use a ZFS Volume as an iSCSI LUN

Using ZFS on an Oracle Solaris System With Zones Installed

Adding ZFS File Systems to a Non-Global Zone

Delegating Datasets to a Non-Global Zone

Adding ZFS Volumes to a Non-Global Zone

Using ZFS Storage Pools Within a Zone

Managing ZFS Properties Within a Zone

Understanding the zoned Property

Copying Zones to Other Systems

Using a ZFS Pool With an Alternate Root Location

Creating a ZFS Pool With an Alternate Root Location

Importing a Pool With an Alternate Root Location

Importing a Pool With a Temporary Name

Chapter 11 Oracle Solaris ZFS Troubleshooting and Pool Recovery

Identifying ZFS Problems

Resolving General Hardware Problems

Identifying Hardware and Device Faults

System Reporting of ZFS Error Messages

Identifying Problems With ZFS Storage Pools

Determining If Problems Exist in a ZFS Storage Pool

Reviewing ZFS Storage Pool Status Information

Overall Pool Status Information

ZFS Storage Pool Configuration Information

ZFS Storage Pool Scrubbing Status

ZFS Data Corruption Errors

Resolving ZFS Storage Device Problems

Resolving a Missing or Removed Device

Resolving a Removed Device

Physically Reattaching a Device

Notifying ZFS of Device Availability

Replacing or Repairing a Damaged Device

Determining the Type of Device Failure

Clearing Transient or Persistent Device Errors

Replacing a Device in a ZFS Storage Pool

Changing Pool Devices

Resolving Data Problems in a ZFS Storage Pool

Resolving ZFS Space Issues

ZFS File System Space Reporting

ZFS Storage Pool Space Reporting

Checking ZFS File System Integrity

File System Repair

File System Validation

Controlling ZFS Data Scrubbing

Repairing Corrupted ZFS Data

Identifying the Type of Data Corruption

Repairing a Corrupted File or Directory

Repairing Corrupted Data With Multiple Block References

Repairing ZFS Storage Pool-Wide Damage

Repairing a Damaged ZFS Configuration

Repairing an Unbootable System

Chapter 12 Recommended Oracle Solaris ZFS Practices

Recommended Storage Pool Practices

General System Practices

ZFS Storage Pool Creation Practices

General Storage Pool Practices

Root Pool Creation Practices

Non-Root Pool Creation Practices

Pool Creation Practices on Local or Network Attached Storage Arrays

Pool Creation Practices for an Oracle Database

Using ZFS Storage Pools in VirtualBox

Storage Pool Practices for Performance

ZFS Storage Pool Maintenance and Monitoring Practices

Recommended File System Practices

Root File System Practices

File System Creation Practices

Monitoring ZFS File System Practices

Appendix A Oracle Solaris ZFS Version Descriptions

Overview of ZFS Versions

ZFS Pool Versions

ZFS File System Versions

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Chapter 12

This chapter describes recommended practices for creating, monitoring, and maintaining your ZFS storage pools and file systems.

The following sections are provided in this chapter:

Recommended Storage Pool Practices.
Recommended File System Practices.

For general ZFS tuning information that includes tuning for an Oracle database, see Chapter 3, Oracle Solaris ZFS Tunable Parameters in Oracle Solaris 11.3 Tunable Parameters Reference Manual.