How to Set Up Host-Based Authentication for Secure Shell

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The following procedure sets up a public key system where the client's public key is used for authentication on the server. The user must also create a public/private key pair.

In the procedure, the terms client and local host refer to the system where a user types the ssh command. The terms server and remote host refer to the system that the client is trying to reach.

Before You Begin

You must assume the root role. For more information, see Using Your Assigned Administrative Rights in Securing Users and Processes in Oracle Solaris 11.2 .

On the client, enable host-based authentication.
In the client configuration file, /etc/ssh/ssh_config, type the following entry:
```
HostbasedAuthentication yes
```
For the syntax of the file, see the ssh_config(4) man page.
On the server, enable host-based authentication.
In the server configuration file, /etc/ssh/sshd_config, type the same entry:
```
HostbasedAuthentication yes
```
For the syntax of the file, see the sshd_config(4) man page.
On the server, either you or the user should configure a file that enables the client to be recognized as a trusted host.
For more information, see the FILES section of the sshd (1M) man page.
- If you are doing the configuration, add the client as an entry to the server's /etc/ssh/shosts.equiv file.
```
client-host
```
- If your users are doing the configuration, they should add an entry for the client to their ~/.shosts file on the server.
```
client-host
```
On the server, ensure that the sshd daemon can access the list of trusted hosts.
Set IgnoreRhosts to no in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.
```
## sshd_config
IgnoreRhosts no
```
Ensure that users of Secure Shell at your site have accounts on both hosts.
Put the client's public key on the server using one of the following methods:
- Modify the sshd_config file on the server, then instruct your users to add the client's public host keys to their ~/.ssh/known_hosts file.
```
## sshd_config
IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
```
  For user instructions, see How to Generate a Public/Private Key Pair for Use With Secure Shell.
- Copy the client's public key to the server.
  The host keys are stored in the /etc/ssh directory. The keys are typically generated by the sshd daemon on first boot.
  1. Add the key to the /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts file on the server.
    On the client, type the following command on one line with no backslash.
```
# cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub | ssh RemoteHost \
'cat >> /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts && echo "Host key copied"'
```
    Note - If host keys are missing from the server, using Secure Shell generates an error message similar to the following:
```
Client and server could not agree on a key exchange algorithm:
client "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-
exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1",
server "gss-group1-sha1-toWM5Slw5Ew8Mqkay+al2g==". Make sure host keys 
are present and accessible by the server process. See sshd_config(4) 
description of "HostKey" option.
```
  2. When you are prompted, supply your login password.
    When the file is copied, the message “Host key copied” is displayed.
    
    Each line in the /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts file consists of fields that are separated by spaces:
```
hostnames algorithm-name publickey comment
```
  3. Edit the /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts file and add RemoteHost as the first field in the copied entry.
```
## /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts File
RemoteHost <copied entry>
```

Example 1-1 Setting Up Host-based Authentication

In the following example, each host is configured as a server and as a client. A user on either host can initiate an ssh connection to the other host. The following configuration makes each host a server and a client:

On each host, the Secure Shell configuration files contain the following entries:

## /etc/ssh/ssh_config
HostBasedAuthentication yes
#
## /etc/ssh/sshd_config
HostBasedAuthentication yes
IgnoreRhosts no

On each host, the shosts.equiv file contains an entry for the other host:

## /etc/ssh/shosts.equiv on machine2
machine1

## /etc/ssh/shosts.equiv on machine1
machine2

The public key for each host is in the /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts file on the other host:

## /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts on machine2
… machine1

## /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts on machine1
… machine2

Users have an account on both hosts. For example, the following information would appear for user John Doe:
```
## /etc/passwd on machine1
jdoe:x:3111:10:J Doe:/home/jdoe:/bin/sh
```
```
## /etc/passwd on machine2
jdoe:x:3111:10:J Doe:/home/jdoe:/bin/sh
```