MySQL 9.3 Reference Manual Including MySQL NDB Cluster 9.3
This program enables you to improve the security of your MySQL installation in the following ways:
You can set a password for root accounts.
You can remove root accounts that are
accessible from outside the local host.
You can remove anonymous-user accounts.
You can remove the test database (which
by default can be accessed by all users, even anonymous
users), and privileges that permit anyone to access
databases with names that start with
test_.
mysql_secure_installation helps you implement security recommendations similar to those described at Section 2.9.4, “Securing the Initial MySQL Account”.
Normal usage is to connect to the local MySQL server; invoke mysql_secure_installation without arguments:
mysql_secure_installation
When executed, mysql_secure_installation prompts you to determine which actions to perform.
The validate_password component can be used
for password strength checking. If the plugin is not installed,
mysql_secure_installation prompts the user
whether to install it. Any passwords entered later are checked
using the plugin if it is enabled.
Most of the usual MySQL client options such as
--host and
--port can be
used on the command line and in option files. For example, to
connect to the local server over IPv6 using port 3307, use this
command:
mysql_secure_installation --host=::1 --port=3307
mysql_secure_installation supports the
following options, which can be specified on the command line or
in the [mysql_secure_installation] and
[client] groups of an option file. For
information about option files used by MySQL programs, see
Section 6.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”.
Table 6.9 mysql_secure_installation Options
| Option Name | Description |
|---|---|
| --defaults-extra-file | Read named option file in addition to usual option files |
| --defaults-file | Read only named option file |
| --defaults-group-suffix | Option group suffix value |
| --help | Display help message and exit |
| --host | Host on which MySQL server is located |
| --no-defaults | Read no option files |
| --password | Accepted but always ignored. Whenever mysql_secure_installation is invoked, the user is prompted for a password, regardless |
| --port | TCP/IP port number for connection |
| --print-defaults | Print default options |
| --protocol | Transport protocol to use |
| --socket | Unix socket file or Windows named pipe to use |
| --ssl-ca | File that contains list of trusted SSL Certificate Authorities |
| --ssl-capath | Directory that contains trusted SSL Certificate Authority certificate files |
| --ssl-cert | File that contains X.509 certificate |
| --ssl-cipher | Permissible ciphers for connection encryption |
| --ssl-crl | File that contains certificate revocation lists |
| --ssl-crlpath | Directory that contains certificate revocation-list files |
| --ssl-fips-mode | Whether to enable FIPS mode on client side |
| --ssl-key | File that contains X.509 key |
| --ssl-mode | Desired security state of connection to server |
| --ssl-session-data | File that contains SSL session data |
| --ssl-session-data-continue-on-failed-reuse | Whether to establish connections if session reuse fails |
| --tls-ciphersuites | Permissible TLSv1.3 ciphersuites for encrypted connections |
| --tls-sni-servername | Server name supplied by the client |
| --tls-version | Permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections |
| --use-default | Execute with no user interactivity |
| --user | MySQL user name to use when connecting to server |
--help,
-?
| Command-Line Format | --help |
|---|
Display a help message and exit.
--defaults-extra-file=
file_name
| Command-Line Format | --defaults-extra-file=file_name |
|---|---|
| Type | File name |
Read this option file after the global option file but (on
Unix) before the user option file. If the file does not
exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If
file_name is not an absolute path
name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
| Command-Line Format | --defaults-file=file_name |
|---|---|
| Type | File name |
Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist
or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If
file_name is not an absolute path
name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
| Command-Line Format | --defaults-group-suffix=str |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with
the usual names and a suffix of
str. For example,
mysql_secure_installation normally reads
the [client] and
[mysql_secure_installation] groups. If
this option is given as
--defaults-group-suffix=_other,
mysql_secure_installation also reads the
[client_other] and
[mysql_secure_installation_other] groups.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
--host=,
host_name-h
host_name
| Command-Line Format | --host |
|---|
Connect to the MySQL server on the given host.
| Command-Line Format | --no-defaults |
|---|
Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due
to reading unknown options from an option file,
--no-defaults
can be used to prevent them from being read.
The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf
file is read in all cases, if it exists. This permits
passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command
line even when
--no-defaults
is used. To create .mylogin.cnf, use
the mysql_config_editor utility. See
Section 6.6.7, “mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility”.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
--password=,
password-p
password
| Command-Line Format | --password=password |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
| Default Value | [none] |
This option is accepted but ignored. Whether or not this option is used, mysql_secure_installation always prompts the user for a password.
--port=,
port_num-P
port_num
| Command-Line Format | --port=port_num |
|---|---|
| Type | Numeric |
| Default Value | 3306 |
For TCP/IP connections, the port number to use.
| Command-Line Format | --print-defaults |
|---|
Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
--protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}
| Command-Line Format | --protocol=type |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
| Default Value | [see text] |
| Valid Values |
|
The transport protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally result in use of a protocol other than the one you want. For details on the permissible values, see Section 6.2.7, “Connection Transport Protocols”.
--socket=,
path-S
path
| Command-Line Format | --socket={file_name|pipe_name} |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
For connections to localhost, the Unix
socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named
pipe to use.
On Windows, this option applies only if the server was
started with the named_pipe
system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections.
In addition, the connection must be a member of the Windows
group specified by the
named_pipe_full_access_group
system variable.
Options that begin with --ssl specify
whether to connect to the server using encryption and
indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See
Command Options for Encrypted Connections.
--ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}
| Command-Line Format | --ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT} |
|---|---|
| Deprecated | Yes |
| Type | Enumeration |
| Default Value | OFF |
| Valid Values |
|
Controls whether to enable FIPS mode on the client side. The
--ssl-fips-mode
option differs from other
--ssl-
options in that it is not used to establish encrypted
connections, but rather to affect which cryptographic
operations to permit. See Section 8.8, “FIPS Support”.
xxx
These
--ssl-fips-mode
values are permitted:
OFF: Disable FIPS mode.
ON: Enable FIPS mode.
STRICT: Enable “strict”
FIPS mode.
If the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module is not available, the
only permitted value for
--ssl-fips-mode
is OFF. In this case, setting
--ssl-fips-mode
to ON or STRICT
causes the client to produce a warning at startup and to
operate in non-FIPS mode.
This option is deprecated. Expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL.
--tls-ciphersuites=
ciphersuite_list
| Command-Line Format | --tls-ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
The permissible ciphersuites for encrypted connections that use TLSv1.3. The value is a list of one or more colon-separated ciphersuite names. The ciphersuites that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. For details, see Section 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.
--tls-sni-servername=
server_name
| Command-Line Format | --tls-sni-servername=server_name |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
When specified, the name is passed to the
libmysqlclient C API library using the
MYSQL_OPT_TLS_SNI_SERVERNAME option of
mysql_options(). The server
name is not case-sensitive. To show which server name the
client specified for the current session, if any, check the
Tls_sni_server_name status
variable.
Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the TLS protocol (OpenSSL must be compiled using TLS extensions for this option to function). The MySQL implementation of SNI represents the client-side only.
| Command-Line Format | --tls-version=protocol_list |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
| Default Value |
|
The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections. The value is a list of one or more comma-separated protocol names. The protocols that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. For details, see Section 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.
| Command-Line Format | --use-default |
|---|---|
| Type | Boolean |
Execute noninteractively. This option can be used for unattended installation operations.
--user=,
user_name-u
user_name
| Command-Line Format | --user=user_name |
|---|---|
| Type | String |
The user name of the MySQL account to use for connecting to the server.