To display the default system-state target, use the systemctl get-default command:

sudo systemctl get-default

graphical.target

To display the active targets on a system, use the systemctl list-units --type target command:

sudo systemctl list-units --type target [--all]

UNIT                   LOAD   ACTIVE SUB    DESCRIPTION                
basic.target           loaded active active Basic System               
cryptsetup.target      loaded active active Local Encrypted Volumes    
getty.target           loaded active active Login Prompts              
graphical.target       loaded active active Graphical Interface        
local-fs-pre.target    loaded active active Local File Systems (Pre)   
local-fs.target        loaded active active Local File Systems         
multi-user.target      loaded active active Multi-User System          
network-online.target  loaded active active Network is Online          
network-pre.target     loaded active active Network (Pre)              
network.target         loaded active active Network                    
nfs-client.target      loaded active active NFS client services        
nss-user-lookup.target loaded active active User and Group Name Lookups
paths.target           loaded active active Paths                      
remote-fs-pre.target   loaded active active Remote File Systems (Pre)  
remote-fs.target       loaded active active Remote File Systems        
rpc_pipefs.target      loaded active active rpc_pipefs.target          
rpcbind.target         loaded active active RPC Port Mapper            
slices.target          loaded active active Slices                     
sockets.target         loaded active active Sockets                    
sound.target           loaded active active Sound Card                 
sshd-keygen.target     loaded active active sshd-keygen.target         
swap.target            loaded active active Swap                       
sysinit.target         loaded active active System Initialization      
timers.target          loaded active active Timers                     

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

24 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

The output for a system with the graphical target active shows that this target depends on other active targets, including network and sound to support networking and sound.

Use the --all option to include inactive targets in the list.

For more information, see the systemctl(1) and systemd.target(5) manual pages.