A ladder diagram in the Web GUI schematic that shows the call and media flow of packets on ingress and egress routes by way of the Oracle Enterprise Communications Broker.

A ladder diagram for the Sessions Report displays the following session summary information:

• Quality of Service (QoS) statistics for call sessions
• SIP messages and media events in time sequence

To display a ladder diagram for a specific record in the Sessions Report, click a record in the summary table or click Ladder diagram on the SIP Sessions Summary page.

1. On the Sessions Report page, click Ladder diagram, or select a record in the table and double-click on that record. The following is an example of the ladder diagram that displays.

   Note:

   The Oracle Enterprise Communications Broker (OECB) captures SIP messages, applies the Header Manipulation Rules (HMR) configured on the OECB , and then applies the Session Plug-in Language (SPL) to that message. When the message is sent out from the OECB, it applies the SPL, the HMR, and then sends out the captured SIP message. Therefore, when viewing the session detail on a Ladder Diagram, the HMR and SPL information may be present.

   

   The Session Record Ladder Diagram consists of the following information:

   • Session Summary - summary information about the call or media session in focus.

   • SIP Message Details - SIP message and call flow information about the call or media session in focus.

   • QoS Statistics - Quality of Service (QoS) statistic information about the call or media session in focus.

     You can move your mouse over any statistic in the Ladder Diagram to view additional parameters and associated values for the statistic in a pop-up window.

     The following table describes the buttons at the bottom of the preceding Ladder Diagram screen capture.

     Button	Description
     	Exports all of the information in the Ladder Diagram (Session Summary, SIP Message Details, and QoS statistics), to a file in text format on the local machine.
     	Exports detailed information about the SIP messages and media events associated with the session in focus, to a file in text format on the local machine.
     	Closes the Ladder Diagram window.

The Session Summary window in the Ladder Diagram displays an overall summary of the call or media session in focus.

1. In the Ladder Diagram, click the [+] next to Session Summary at the top of the Ladder Diagram window. The Session Summary window expands. This window displays a summary of information about the call or media session in focus. The following list describes each field in the Session Summary window.

   State	Status of the call or media session. Valid values are: INITIAL Session for which an INVITE or SUBSCRIBE was forwarded. EARLY Session received the first provisional response (1xx other than 100). ESTABLISHED Session for which a success (2xx) response was received. TERMINATED Session that has ended by receiving or sending a BYE for an “Established” session or forwarding an error response for an “Initial” or Early session. The session remains in the terminated state until all the resources for the session are freed up. FAILED Session that has failed due to a 4xx or 5xx error code.
   Duration	Amount of time, in seconds, that the call or media session was active.
   From URI	URI formatted string that identifies the call source information.
   To URI	URI formatted string that identifies the call destination information.
   Ingress Src IP:Port	Source IP address and port number of the incoming call or media session.
   Egress Src IP: Port	Source IP address and port number of the outgoing call or media session.
   Ingress Dest IP:Port	Destination IP address and port number of the incoming call or media session.
   Egress Dest IP: Port	Destination IP address and port number of the outgoing call or media session.
   Ingress Realm	Incoming realm name.
   Egress Realm	Outgoing realm name.
   Ingress Network Intf	Name of the incoming network interface on the Oracle Enterprise Communications Broker (OECB).
   Egress Network Intf	Name of the outgoing network interface on the OECB.
   Ingress Transport	Protocol type used on the incoming call or media session. Valid values are User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transport Control Protocol (TCP).
   Egress Transport	Protocol type used on the outgoing call or media session. Valid values are User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transport Control Protocol (TCP).

2. Click [-] to close the Session Summary window.

1. On the Sessions Report page, click Ladder diagram, or select a record in the table and double-click on that record. The SIP Message Details window displays. This window displays the messages and status codes that occurred during the active call session or media event. You can use the information to troubleshoot calls and media events that failed or timed out when trying to connect.

The Quality of Service (QoS) window displays information about the quality of the service used on the call session or media event when the call or event was active.

1. In the Ladder Diagram, click the [+] next to QoS Stats at the bottom of the Ladder Diagram window. The QoS window expands, and displays the QoS statistics for the call session or media event in focus. The following list describes each field in the QoS Statistics window.

   Flow ID	ID number assigned to the call session or media event flow of data.
   Direction	The direction of the call or media event flow. Valid values are: CALLING (egress direction) CALLED (ingress direction)
   Total Pkts Received	Total number of data packets received on the interface during the active call session or media event.
   Total Octets Received	Total number of octets received on the interface during the active call session or media event. An octet is a unit of digital information that consists of eight bits.
   RTCP	Real-time Transport Control Protocol - used to send control packets to participants in a call.
   Pkts Lost	Number of RTCP data packets lost on the interface during the active call session or media event.
   Avg Jitter	Average measure of the variability over time of the RTCP packet latency across a network. A network with constant latency has no variation (or jitter). Jitter is referred to as Packet Delay Variation (PDV). It is the difference in the one-way end-to-end delay values for packets of a flow. Jitter is measured in terms of a time deviation from the nominal packet interarrival times for successive packets.
   Max Jitter	Maximum measure of the variability over time of the RTCP packet latency across a network. A network with constant latency has no variation (or jitter).
   Avg Latency	Average observed one-way signaling latency during the active window period. This is the average amount of time the signaling travels in one direction.
   Max Latency	Maximum observed one-way signaling latency during the sliding window period. This is the maximum amount of time the signaling travels in one direction.
   RTP	Real-Time Transport Protocol - a standard packet format for delivering audio and video over the internet.
   Pkts Lost	Number of RTP data packets lost on the interface during the active call session or media event.
   Avg Jitter	Average measure of the variability over time of the RTP packet latency across a network. A network with constant latency has no variation (or jitter). Jitter is referred to as Packet Delay Variation (PDV). It is the difference in the one-way end-to-end delay values for packets of a flow. Jitter is measured in terms of a time deviation from the nominal packet interarrival times for successive packets.
   Max Jitter	Maximum measure of the variability over time of the RTP packet latency across a network. A network with constant latency has no variation (or jitter).
   QoE	Quality of Experience - measurement used to determine how well the network is satisfying the end user's requirements.
   R-Factor	Average Quality of Service (QoS) factor observed during the active window period. Quality of service shapes traffic to provide different priority and level of performance to different data flows. R-factors are metrics in VoIP, that use a formula to take into account both user perceptions and the cumulative effect of equipment impairments to arrive at a numeric expression of voice quality. This statistic defines the call or transmission quality expressed as an R factor.
   MOS	Mean Opinion Score (MOS) score. MOS is a measure of voice quality. MOS gives a numerical indication of the perceived quality of the media received after being transmitted and eventually compressed using Codecs.

2. Click [-] to close the QoS Stats window.