You can extend the size of the root (/) partition on systems running Oracle Exadata System Software earlier than release 11.2.3.2.1 using this procedure.

1. Collect information about the current environment.
   1. Use the df command to identify the mount points for the root partition (/) and the non-root partition (/u01), and their respective LVMs.

      The following is an example of the output from the command:

      # df
      Filesystem                    1K-blocks   Used    Available Use% Mounted on
      /dev/mapper/VGExaDb-LVDbSys1 30963708   21867152   7523692  75%    /
      /dev/sda1                      126427      16355    103648  14%    /boot
      /dev/mapper/VGExaDb-LVDbOra1 103212320  67404336  30565104  69%    /u01
      tmpfs                         84132864   3294608  80838256   4%    /dev/shm
      

      The file system name in the df command output is in the following format:

      /dev/mapper/VolumeGroup-LogicalVolume
      

      The full logical volume name of the root file system in the preceding example is /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1.

   2. Use the lvscan command to display logical volumes.

      #lvm lvscan
      
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1'  [30.00 GB]  inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSwap1' [24.00 GB]  inherit
      ACTIVE            '/dev/VGExaDb/LVDbOra1'  [100.00 GB] inherit
      

   3. Use the lvdisplay command to display the current logical volume and the volume group configuration.

      #lvm lvdisplay /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1
      
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Name               /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1
      VG Name               VGExaDb
      LV UUID               GScpD7-lKa8-gLg9-oBo2-uWaM-ZZ4W-Keazih
      LV Write Access       read/write
      LV Status             available
      # open                1
      LV Size               30.00 GB
      Current LE            7680
      Segments              1
      Allocation            inherit
      Read ahead sectors    auto
      - currently set to    256
      Block device          253:0
      

   4. Verify there is available space in the volume group VGExaDb so the logical volume can be extended.

      # lvm vgdisplay VGExaDb -s
      "VGExaDb" 556.80 GB [154.00 GB used / 402.80 GB free]
      

      If the command shows there is zero free space, then neither the logical volume or the file system can be extended.

2. Restart the server using the diagnostics.iso file.
   See Booting a Server using the Diagnostic ISO File in Oracle Exadata System Software User's Guide.
3. Log in to the diagnostics shell as the root user.
   When prompted, enter the diagnostics shell.

   For example:

   Choose from following by typing letter in '()':
   (e)nter interactive diagnostics shell. Must use credentials 
   from Oracle support to login (reboot or power cycle to exit
   the shell),
   (r)estore system from NFS backup archive, 
   Type e to enter the diagnostics shell and log in as the root user.

   If prompted, log in to the system as the root user. If you are prompted for the root user password and do not have it, then contact Oracle Support Services.
4. Unmount the root file system.

   # cd /
   # umount /mnt/cell
   

5. Verify the logical volume name.

   # lvm lvscan
   ACTIVE '/dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1' [30.00 GB] inherit
   ACTIVE '/dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSwap1' [24.00 GB] inherit
   ACTIVE '/dev/VGExaDb/LVDbOra1' [100.00 GB] inherit
   

6. Resize the LVDbSys1 and LVDbSys2 holding the current and backup root file system.

   In the following commands, XG is the amount of space in GB that the logical volume will be extended.

   # lvm lvextend -L+XG --verbose /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1
   # lvm lvextend -L+XG --verbose /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys2
   

   For example, if the logical volume is expanded 5 GB, then the commands would be:

   # lvm lvextend -L+5G --verbose /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1
   # lvm lvextend -L+5G --verbose /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys2
   

7. Verify the file system is valid using e2fsck.

   # e2fsck -f /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1
   # e2fsck -f /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys2
   

8. Resize the file system.

   # resize2fs -p /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys1
   # resize2fs -p /dev/VGExaDb/LVDbSys2
   

9. Restart the system in normal mode.

   # shutdown -r now

10. Log in to the system.
11. Verify the root file system mount mounts without issues with the new size.