The INSERT operations can only insert vertices and edges with known labels and properties. Similarly, UPDATE operations can only set values of known properties. Thus, new data must always conform to the existing schema of the graph.

However, some PGX APIs exist for updating the schema of a graph: while no APIs exist for adding new labels, new properties can be added through the PgxGraph.createVertexProperty(PropertyType type, String name) and PgxGraph.createEdgeProperty(PropertyType type, String name) methods. The new properties are attached to each vertex/edge in the graph, irrespective of their labels. Initially the properties are assigned a default value but then the values can be updated through the UPDATE statements.

// load a graph from the RDBMS or from CSV
PgxGraph g = session.readGraphWithProperties("path/to/graph_config.json");

// add a new property to the graph
g.createVertexProperty(PropertyType.LOCAL_DATE, "dob");

// set the date of birth of Camille to 2014-11-15
g.executePgql("UPDATE v SET ( v.dob = DATE '2014-11-14' ) " +
              "FROM MATCH (v:Person) " +
              "WHERE v.firstName = 'Camille' AND v.lastName = ' Mullins' ");